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IELTS General Training Reading Practice Test

Passage 1 – The Rise of Remote Work Culture

Over the past few decades, the concept of work has changed more than at any other time in modern history. The arrival of digital technology, high-speed internet, and global connectivity has created possibilities that earlier generations could hardly imagine. Among these changes, the rise of remote work has been one of the most significant transformations. What was once seen as a privilege for a small group of employees—often in the technology or creative industries—has become a mainstream feature of the modern economy. The growth of remote work has not only reshaped the way individuals earn their living but has also influenced cities, businesses, and even family life.

To understand the rapid rise of remote work, it is important to look at its origins. While people have always found ways to work outside traditional workplaces—farmers in fields, artisans in workshops, and writers at home—the modern version of remote work is strongly linked to the invention of the personal computer and the expansion of the internet in the 1990s. The introduction of email and early messaging systems meant that employees no longer had to be physically present to exchange ideas or submit work. In the early 2000s, companies such as IBM experimented with remote arrangements, but it was often restricted to senior staff. The global financial crisis of 2008 further pushed businesses to cut costs, and working from home began to be seen as a serious option rather than a luxury.

The real turning point, however, came during the COVID-19 pandemic. With lockdowns forcing offices to shut down, millions of people across the world were suddenly required to work from their homes. What began as an emergency measure quickly demonstrated unexpected benefits. Employees reported saving hours of commuting time, spending less money on transport, and having more opportunities to balance personal and professional duties. Many employers were surprised to find that productivity did not decrease—in fact, for some industries, it even improved.

The advantages of remote work are numerous. First, flexibility is the most widely appreciated feature. Parents can adjust schedules around school timings, freelancers can collaborate with international teams without moving abroad, and workers in rural areas can participate in jobs previously limited to large cities. Second, remote work significantly reduces commuting, which has major environmental benefits. Fewer cars on the road mean less fuel consumption and reduced air pollution. For megacities struggling with traffic congestion, this change could be revolutionary. Third, remote work helps organizations cut costs. Large office spaces, utility bills, and on-site facilities represent major expenses. By allowing employees to work from home, companies save money and often reinvest it in digital tools, training, or staff benefits.

Yet, for all its strengths, remote work is not without drawbacks. A common complaint is the sense of isolation. Human beings are social creatures, and while video calls allow us to see faces, they cannot fully replace the energy of in-person conversations. Many employees report missing casual interactions, such as chatting with colleagues during breaks or exchanging quick ideas across desks. Another problem is the blurred boundary between home and work. When the dining table doubles as an office desk, it can be difficult to “switch off” after working hours. This has led to rising cases of digital fatigue, where employees feel they are “always on.” Employers have been urged to establish clear guidelines for working hours to prevent burnout.

Technology plays a central role in enabling remote work. Tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Slack have become household names, providing platforms for video conferencing, file sharing, and instant communication. Project management applications such as Trello, Asana, and Monday.com allow teams spread across continents to coordinate tasks as though they were sitting in the same office. Cloud storage solutions like Google Drive or Dropbox ensure that documents can be accessed from anywhere at any time. Without these digital tools, large-scale remote work would not have been possible.

Businesses, too, are rethinking their strategies in light of this shift. Some organizations have adopted hybrid models, where employees split their time between home and office. Others have gone completely virtual, closing physical offices altogether. Global companies such as Twitter and Shopify announced that remote work would be a permanent option for their staff. This flexibility not only helps retain talent but also expands the recruitment pool. A company in London can now hire skilled employees in India or Brazil without requiring relocation, creating a truly global workforce.

The economic and environmental consequences of remote work are equally noteworthy. Urban centers, once overflowing with daily commuters, have seen reduced traffic and improved air quality. Public transport usage has dropped in some places, forcing cities to rethink revenue models. On the other hand, local businesses that depended on office workers—cafes, restaurants, and shops near business districts—have suffered losses. Real estate markets are also feeling the impact, with demand for commercial office space declining while suburban housing markets grow as families seek larger homes with space for home offices.

Looking ahead, experts believe remote work is here to stay, though its form will continue to evolve. Technological advancements such as virtual reality may one day allow workers to attend meetings in immersive digital environments. Companies will need to strike a balance between efficiency and human connection, ensuring that employees remain both productive and mentally healthy. Governments may also need to adapt regulations on taxation, labor rights, and infrastructure planning to reflect this new way of working.

In many ways, the rise of remote work symbolizes the broader transformations of the 21st century. It reflects how technology, economics, and culture are intertwined in shaping our daily lives. While challenges remain, the shift toward flexible, digital, and globally connected work suggests that the office of the future may look very different from the one we once knew. For millions of people, work is no longer a place they go to—it is something they carry with them wherever they are.

 

Questions 1–13

Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D.

1. In the 1990s, what made remote work possible?
   A. Economic reforms
   B. Personal computers and internet
   C. New office designs
   D. International trade
2. Why did businesses adopt remote work after the 2008 crisis?
   A. To reduce costs
   B. To expand office spaces
   C. To improve social interaction
   D. To stop globalization
3. During the pandemic, employers discovered that productivity:
   A. Always decreased
   B. Remained the same or improved
   C. Was impossible to measure
   D. Depended only on office presence
4. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of remote work?
   A. More digital fatigue
   B. Reduced car usage
   C. Larger offices
   D. Increased travel
5. Some companies closed offices permanently because:
   A. Remote work was less efficient
   B. Online operations reduced expenses
   C. Employees disliked working from home
   D. Technology was unreliable

True/False/Not Given
6. Remote work has completely eliminated isolation.
7. Casual workplace interactions are difficult to replace virtually.
8. Employers are advised to set rules for working hours.
9. All companies now use hybrid models.
10. Global hiring has become easier due to remote work.

Complete the sentences below.
11. Tools such as Slack and Microsoft Teams support _______.
12. Suburban housing demand has increased because families want _______.
13. Experts believe future meetings may happen through _______.

Passage 2 – Eco-Friendly Travel: A New Trend

Tourism has always been one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing industries. Every year, millions of people board planes, trains, and buses to explore new destinations, seek adventure, or simply escape their daily routines. For many countries, tourism is an essential part of the economy, creating jobs and supporting local businesses. However, as travel has expanded, so have its negative effects. Mass tourism has been criticized for damaging the environment, disturbing local cultures, and overburdening fragile ecosystems. In recent years, a new movement has emerged in response: eco-friendly travel, also called sustainable tourism.

Eco-friendly travel is not a completely new concept, but it has gained enormous attention in the 21st century as awareness of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss has grown. Travellers are increasingly aware of their environmental footprint. They no longer see vacations as merely an opportunity to relax, but also as a chance to make responsible choices. Sustainable tourism asks: how can we enjoy the world without destroying it?

One important principle of eco-friendly travel is reducing carbon emissions. Airplanes, while convenient, are major contributors to greenhouse gases. Many eco-conscious travellers are choosing alternatives such as trains, buses, or even bicycles when possible. Some airlines now allow passengers to “offset” their carbon footprint by investing in projects like reforestation or renewable energy, though critics argue that this does not truly solve the problem.

Another key aspect is accommodation. Traditional hotels often consume vast amounts of water and energy, while producing large amounts of waste. In contrast, eco-certified hotels or eco-lodges are designed to minimize environmental impact. They may use solar panels for electricity, recycle wastewater for irrigation, and replace plastic toiletries with biodegradable alternatives. In Costa Rica, for example, entire resorts are powered by renewable energy, with rainwater collection systems ensuring sustainable water use.

Eco-friendly travel is also about supporting local communities. When tourists buy souvenirs made by local artisans, eat at family-owned restaurants, and hire local guides, the benefits of tourism stay within the community instead of flowing to large international corporations. This financial support helps preserve cultural traditions and encourages younger generations to value their heritage. Bhutan provides a strong example. The government strictly regulates visitor numbers and requires tourists to spend a minimum amount per day. While this may seem restrictive, it ensures that tourism supports the nation’s economy without overwhelming its environment or culture.

Participation in conservation projects is another growing trend. Some travelers volunteer for wildlife protection, such as helping to release sea turtles in Mexico or monitoring elephants in Kenya. Others plant trees, clean beaches, or assist in scientific research during their holidays. These activities not only help the environment but also give travelers a sense of purpose and connection with nature.

Technology has also entered the world of sustainable travel. Apps now allow tourists to track their environmental impact, locate eco-friendly accommodations, and identify restaurants that use locally sourced ingredients. Social media has further boosted the trend, as travelers proudly share stories and photos of their eco-conscious journeys. This has inspired more people to think about the consequences of their travel choices.

Despite its benefits, eco-tourism faces challenges. One issue is “greenwashing,” where companies falsely advertise themselves as eco-friendly to attract customers. A hotel may market itself as sustainable because it reuses towels, while ignoring larger issues such as energy waste or unethical labor practices. Another concern is accessibility. Eco-friendly travel options are sometimes more expensive, limiting participation to wealthier tourists. For sustainable tourism to succeed globally, it must become affordable and realistic for the average traveler.

Experts predict that eco-friendly travel will continue to grow as climate change concerns intensify. More travelers are beginning to value experiences over luxury, preferring to hike through forests, camp under the stars, or learn local crafts instead of staying in five-star hotels. Governments and tourism boards are also recognizing the importance of sustainability, with many introducing stricter environmental regulations and certifications for travel businesses.

The future of tourism may depend on this shift. If handled correctly, eco-friendly travel could protect the environment, empower local communities, and provide meaningful experiences for travelers. If ignored, however, the industry risks damaging the very destinations people long to visit. Ultimately, eco-tourism is not about giving up travel but about traveling differently—respectfully, responsibly, and sustainably.

 

Questions 14–26

Matching Information
Match the country with its eco-friendly travel approach:
14. Bhutan
15. Costa Rica
16. Mexico

1. Resorts powered by renewable energy
   B. Controlled number of tourists
   C. Sea turtle conservation projects

Multiple Choice
17. Eco-friendly travel is also known as:
A. Adventure tourism
B. Sustainable tourism
C. Business tourism
D. Historical tourism

1. Which method helps reduce carbon emissions?
   A. Traveling by air frequently
   B. Choosing trains and buses
   C. Avoiding local guides
   D. Staying in luxury hotels
2. Supporting local communities means:
   A. Hiring international tour operators
   B. Shopping only in malls
   C. Buying handmade products and dining locally
   D. Avoiding cultural traditions

True/False/Not Given
20. Air travel has no impact on climate change.
21. Eco-lodges often use solar energy and rainwater systems.
22. Bhutan requires tourists to spend a minimum daily amount.
23. Social media has discouraged people from eco-tourism.
24. Green washing occurs when businesses exaggerate eco-friendly claims.

Complete the sentences below.
25. Travelers may join activities like _______ to contribute to conservation.
26. For eco-tourism to be widely successful, it must also be _______.

Passage 3 – The Future of Electric Vehicles

The automobile has long been a symbol of progress and independence. For more than a century, cars powered by petrol and diesel have dominated the roads, transforming cities and connecting distant communities. Yet, as concerns about climate change, pollution, and energy security increase, the world is beginning to imagine a different future: one in which electric vehicles (EVs) take center stage. The shift from fuel-driven engines to battery-powered motors is more than just a technological development—it represents a cultural, economic, and environmental transformation.

Electric vehicles are not a new idea. In fact, the earliest automobiles of the late nineteenth century were often powered by electricity. However, the rise of mass production techniques, especially those pioneered by Henry Ford, made petrol cars cheaper and more convenient. For decades, EVs were left behind, viewed as impractical and expensive. It was only in the late twentieth century, when air pollution became a serious concern, that governments and researchers began to revisit the concept. The oil crises of the 1970s and the modern awareness of climate change provided further motivation to seek alternatives to fossil fuels.

Today, EVs have re-entered the mainstream with unprecedented momentum. Modern electric cars, such as those produced by Tesla, Nissan, and several European manufacturers, are no longer slow or unattractive. They are stylish, fast, and increasingly affordable. The key component driving this revolution is the lithium-ion battery, which allows vehicles to travel hundreds of kilometers on a single charge. Unlike internal combustion engines, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, meaning they release no carbon dioxide or harmful gases while being driven. For cities battling smog and poor air quality, this is a significant advantage.

The environmental benefits of EVs go beyond clean air. A large-scale shift to electric vehicles could dramatically reduce global dependence on oil, decreasing the geopolitical tensions often linked to fossil fuel supplies. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, can be integrated into the charging system, making EVs even cleaner over time. Countries such as Norway have already demonstrated the potential of this transition. With generous incentives and strong infrastructure, Norway now has one of the highest EV adoption rates in the world.

However, despite this optimism, challenges remain. The first and most obvious is cost. While prices have fallen, EVs remain more expensive than traditional cars for many consumers. Batteries are the most expensive component, and although research is rapidly improving their efficiency, affordability is still a concern. The second issue is infrastructure. Charging stations are not yet as widespread as fuel stations, making long-distance travel stressful for some drivers. Waiting times for charging, though decreasing with new “fast-charging” technology, are still longer compared to filling a tank of petrol.

A further concern is the environmental impact of battery production. Lithium, cobalt, and nickel—key materials for EV batteries—are often mined in ways that harm local ecosystems and communities. Recycling systems for old batteries are still underdeveloped. Without solutions to these problems, the very technology meant to save the planet could create new forms of damage. Researchers are now exploring alternatives such as solid-state batteries, which promise higher efficiency, longer life, and easier recycling.

Governments around the world are playing a major role in accelerating the EV revolution. Subsidies, tax benefits, and reduced registration fees have encouraged millions of people to switch to electric cars. Cities like London, Paris, and Beijing are introducing low-emission zones, where petrol cars are restricted or heavily taxed. Some countries, including the United Kingdom, have already announced deadlines for phasing out sales of new petrol and diesel cars within the next two decades. These policies send a strong message that the age of fossil-fuel cars is coming to an end.

Consumers are also changing their attitudes. Many people no longer see cars purely as machines for transportation but as statements about identity and values. Owning an EV has become associated with responsibility, modernity, and innovation. Ride-sharing companies and public transport systems are also adopting electric fleets, meaning even those who cannot afford their own EVs can still benefit from the technology.

Looking into the future, experts predict that the transition to EVs will be one of the defining changes of the twenty-first century. Within two decades, they may dominate global car sales, reshape energy systems, and significantly cut carbon emissions. Yet the pace of this transition will depend on solving challenges related to affordability, infrastructure, and sustainability. If these issues can be addressed, EVs have the potential not only to revolutionize transport but also to play a key role in the fight against climate change.

In many ways, the story of electric vehicles reflects humanity’s broader journey—our ability to innovate, adapt, and rethink old habits. Just as the petrol engine transformed societies in the twentieth century, the rise of EVs may define the future of mobility in the twenty-first. The road ahead will not be without obstacles, but it is increasingly clear that the destination is electric.

Questions 27–40

Multiple Choice
27. The earliest cars in history were sometimes powered by:
A. Solar energy
B. Electricity
C. Diesel fuel
D. Natural gas

1. Why did petrol cars dominate the twentieth century?
   A. They were cheaper to produce
   B. They were cleaner than EVs
   C. They used renewable energy
   D. They were faster to recycle
2. Which country has one of the highest EV adoption rates?
   A. Japan
   B. Norway
   C. India
   D. Brazil
3. What is the main advantage of EVs in cities?
   A. Lower fuel prices
   B. Zero tailpipe emissions
   C. Easy battery recycling
   D. Faster production speed

True/False/Not Given
31. EVs reduce global dependence on oil.
32. Fast-charging technology takes less time than refueling a petrol car.
33. Battery production can cause environmental harm.
34. Solid-state batteries may improve recycling.
35. Some countries plan to phase out petrol cars within twenty years.

Complete the sentences below.
36. The most expensive part of an EV is its _______.
37. Charging stations are not as widespread as _______.
38. Cities such as London and Paris are creating _______ zones.

Matching Headings
Match the paragraphs with the correct headings:
39. Paragraph 2 –
A. Early history of electric cars
B. Future global predictions
C. Consumer identity and EVs

1. Paragraph 5 –
   A. Challenges of cost and infrastructure
   B. Recycling methods for old cars
   C. Government subsidies for EVs

 

 

Answer Key & Explanations

 

Passage 1 – The Rise of Remote Work Culture (Q1–13)

1. B – Personal computers and internet
   → The passage explains that in the 1990s, email and the internet made remote work possible.
2. A – To reduce costs
   → After the 2008 crisis, businesses looked for cheaper ways to operate.
3. B – Remained the same or improved
   → During the pandemic, productivity did not fall; in some industries, it increased.
4. B – Reduced car usage
   → Remote work means less commuting, which reduces pollution.
5. B – Online operations reduced expenses
   → Some companies closed offices because remote operations were cheaper.
6. False
   → Isolation is still a problem in remote work.
7. True
   → The text says casual workplace interactions are hard to replace.
8. True
   → Employers are encouraged to set rules to avoid burnout.
9. False
   → Not all companies use hybrid models; some are fully remote.
10. True
    → Global hiring has become easier thanks to remote work.
11. Communication / teamwork
    → Slack and Teams are for communication.
12. Larger homes / home offices
    → Families want suburban homes with office space.
13. Virtual reality
    → Experts predict future meetings could use VR.

 

Passage 2 – Eco-Friendly Travel: A New Trend (Q14–26)

14. B – Controlled number of tourists
    → Bhutan limits visitor numbers.
15. A – Resorts powered by renewable energy
    → Costa Rica has eco-lodges using solar and rainwater.
16. C – Sea turtle conservation projects
    → Mexico has turtle release projects.
17. B – Sustainable tourism
    → Eco-friendly travel is another name for sustainable tourism.
18. B – Choosing trains and buses
    → This reduces carbon emissions.
19. C – Buying handmade products and dining locally
    → This supports communities directly.
20. False
    → Air travel is a major contributor to emissions.
21. True
    → Eco-lodges often use solar power and rainwater collection.
22. True
    → Bhutan requires a minimum daily spend from tourists.
23. False
    → Social media has encouraged, not discouraged, eco-tourism.
24. True
    → Greenwashing = false eco-friendly claims.
25. Planting trees / beach cleaning / wildlife rescue
    → Conservation activities were listed as examples.
26. Affordable / realistic for average travelers
    → The passage stresses that eco-tourism must be accessible.

 

Passage 3 – The Future of Electric Vehicles (Q27–40)

27. B – Electricity
    → Early cars were often electric in the late 19th century.
28. A – They were cheaper to produce
    → Mass production made petrol cars dominant.
29. B – Norway
    → Norway has the highest EV adoption due to incentives.
30. B – Zero tailpipe emissions
    → This reduces city pollution.
31. True
    → EVs reduce oil dependence, as explained in the text.
32. False
    → Fast-charging is quicker than before but still slower than petrol refueling.
33. True
    → Mining for batteries harms environments and communities.
34. True
    → Solid-state batteries may help with recycling and efficiency.
35. True
    → Some countries plan to ban petrol cars within 20 years.
36. Battery
    → The battery is the most expensive part of an EV.
37. Fuel stations / petrol stations
    → Charging stations are less common than fuel ones.
38. Low-emission
    → Cities are creating low-emission zones.
39. A – Early history of electric cars
    → Paragraph 2 discusses how EVs existed in the 19th century.
40. A – Challenges of cost and infrastructure
    → Paragraph 5 explains price and charging problems.